More Than Just an Elbow Problem

Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, involves the tendons that attach to the outside of the elbow. These tendons connect to the muscles you use every time you grip, twist, or lift something with your hand. When those tissues become overloaded, pain tends to show up right at the bony point on the outer elbow, and it can spread into the forearm.

What catches a lot of people off guard is that the elbow itself isn’t usually the whole story. The tendons at the elbow are often just the point where strain accumulates. How the wrist, forearm, shoulder, and even the neck manage load all play a role in how much demand gets placed on that one spot.

It’s also worth knowing that tennis elbow isn’t really an inflammatory condition in most cases, despite what the name suggests. It’s more of a tissue tolerance issue, where the tendon’s capacity hasn’t kept up with the demands being placed on it. That’s an important distinction because it changes how you approach treatment.

You don’t need to be an athlete for this to develop. Repetitive gripping at work, prolonged mouse and keyboard use, lifting with a straight arm, or even something as simple as carrying groceries can be enough to tip things over.

The encouraging part is that tennis elbow generally responds well to the right combination of load management and progressive strengthening. It may take some patience, but understanding what’s driving it is the first step toward getting on top of it.

What Leads to Tennis Elbow?

Tennis elbow usually develops when the tendons on the outside of the elbow are asked to handle more than they’re currently conditioned for. It’s rarely a single event. More often, it’s the result of repeated stress that builds up over time without enough recovery in between.

Common contributors may include:

  • Repetitive gripping, twisting, or wringing motions at work or at home

  • Prolonged mouse or keyboard use with poor forearm positioning

  • A sudden increase in training volume or intensity involving the upper body

  • Weakness or reduced endurance in the forearm extensors and wrist stabilizers

  • Lifting or carrying with a straight arm or palm-down grip

  • Repetitive overhead movements in sport or manual labour

  • Previous elbow, wrist, or shoulder injuries that have altered how the arm manages load

  • Reduced mobility or stiffness through the wrist, shoulder, or upper back

How We Assess Tennis Elbow

It starts with a conversation about what you’re experiencing. When the pain started, what activities bring it on, how it affects your grip, and whether it’s been getting worse over time. Details like whether it flares with typing, lifting a kettle, or shaking hands all help us narrow things down.

From there, we assess how the elbow, wrist, and forearm are actually functioning. This typically involves testing grip strength, evaluating the tendons through specific loaded positions, and looking at how the wrist extensors respond to resistance. These hands-on tests are often more telling than imaging when it comes to understanding what’s going on at the tendon.

We also look beyond the elbow itself. The shoulder, upper back, and wrist all influence how force is distributed through the forearm. If there’s stiffness or reduced control elsewhere in the chain, it can increase the demands placed on those tendons at the elbow, and that’s often part of the picture.

The goal is to understand how much load the tendon can currently handle and where the gap is between that and what your daily life or training is asking of it. Imaging is rarely needed early on, but may be considered if symptoms aren’t responding as expected or if there’s a reason to rule out something else.

Manual physiotherapy treatment of forearm muscles for tennis elbow rehabilitation at Burlington Sports Therapy in Burlington Ontario

Tennis Elbow Treatment in Burlington

It’s Not About Resting and Hoping

Treatment is shaped around what you need your arm to do. Whether that’s getting back to the gym, working pain-free at a desk, or just being able to pour a cup of coffee without wincing, your goals guide the plan.

Because tennis elbow is primarily a load tolerance issue, treatment focuses on gradually rebuilding the tendon’s capacity to handle demand. This may involve progressive strengthening of the wrist extensors and forearm muscles, improving grip endurance, and carefully reintroducing the tasks that have been aggravating your symptoms.

Simply resting it and waiting for the pain to go away often isn’t enough, and in some cases it can actually make things worse by allowing the tendon to decondition further. The goal is to find a level of activity the tendon can tolerate right now and build from there in a structured, progressive way.

Hands-on treatment, including soft-tissue work and joint mobilization, can help reduce pain and improve how the elbow and forearm move in the short term. Techniques like shockwave therapy may also be considered for tendons that have been slow to respond. But lasting improvement typically comes from building strength and learning how to manage load over time.

Education plays a central role at Burlington Sports Therapy. Understanding how to modify your grip, adjust your workstation, and pace your return to activity can make a meaningful difference in preventing setbacks and building long-term resilience. When appropriate, our chiropractic, physiotherapy, and massage therapy team works together to support your recovery from multiple angles.

How We Help at Burlington Sports Therapy

Tennis elbow often responds best when care addresses more than just the point of pain. Depending on what’s contributing to your symptoms, treatment may combine strengthening, joint mobility work, and soft-tissue techniques to rebuild the tendon’s capacity and get you back to using your arm with confidence.

physiotherapy with ball icon

Physiotherapy

Progressive tendon loading is often central to tennis elbow recovery. Physiotherapy may include targeted strengthening of the wrist extensors and forearm muscles, grip endurance work, and a gradual return to the activities that have been causing pain.

chiropractic spine icon

Chiropractic Treatment

When stiffness or restricted movement through the wrist, elbow, or upper back is adding strain to the forearm tendons, chiropractic care may focus on restoring mobility through those areas. Attention is often given to how the elbow, shoulder, and wrist are sharing load during gripping and lifting tasks.

massage icon

Massage Therapy

When the forearm muscles become tight, overworked, or sensitized, soft-tissue treatment may help reduce tension and improve how the muscles around the elbow function. Techniques like Active Release Technique and Graston Technique can be especially useful for chronic tendon-related conditions.

What Tennis Elbow Recovery Looks Like

Tennis elbow recovery takes time, especially when symptoms have been building for a while. The plan is progressive and adapts based on how your tendon responds to increased load and activity.

Initial Focus

Reducing tendon pain and identifying the specific gripping, lifting, or repetitive tasks that may be overloading the area. Temporary modifications to how you use your arm can help settle things down without stopping activity entirely.

Progressive Care

Gradually introducing tendon-loading exercises to rebuild strength and endurance through the wrist extensors and forearm. The focus is on building the tendon’s tolerance to the demands of your daily life and goals.

Active Involvement

Taking part in a structured strengthening program that progresses toward heavier gripping, lifting, and sport or work-specific movements as the tendon adapts.

Ongoing Reassessment

Monitoring how the tendon responds as load increases and adjusting the program to support continued improvement and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Common Tennis Elbow Questions

These are some of the questions we hear most often from people dealing with elbow and forearm pain.

Helping Burlington patients move better since 2005.

It depends on how long symptoms have been present and how the tendon responds to loading. Some people notice meaningful improvement within a few weeks of starting a structured program, while others, particularly those who have had symptoms for several months, may need a longer runway. Tendons tend to adapt more slowly than muscles, so patience and consistency are important.

They’re closely related. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow, and it’s often referred to as lateral epicondylitis or elbow tendonitis. However, current research suggests it’s less about inflammation and more about changes in the tendon’s structure and its ability to handle load. That distinction matters because it shifts the focus of treatment toward strengthening rather than just managing inflammation.

Tennis elbow affects the outside of the elbow (the lateral epicondyle), while golfer’s elbow affects the inside (the medial epicondyle). They involve different tendon groups but develop in a similar way, usually through repetitive gripping, lifting, or twisting. The assessment and treatment approach overlaps quite a bit, though the specific muscles and movements targeted will differ.

A forearm strap or brace can sometimes help reduce strain on the tendon during aggravating activities. It may be a useful short-term tool, but it’s not a long-term solution on its own. Building the tendon’s capacity through progressive strengthening tends to be more effective for lasting improvement.

In most cases, yes. The key is modifying how you grip, how much load you use, and which exercises you prioritize while the tendon recovers. Avoiding all activity can actually slow things down by reducing the tendon’s tolerance over time. We help you figure out what to keep doing, what to adjust, and when to progress.

It can, especially if the tendon hasn’t been adequately strengthened or if the habits that contributed to it in the first place haven’t changed. That’s why a progressive loading program and some awareness around workload management are so important. Think of it as building a buffer so the tendon can handle more before it becomes irritated again.

Meet Our Practitioners

Our clinicians work collaboratively to support recovery across a wide range of conditions.

Dr. Kevin McIntyre

Dr. Kevin McIntyre B.Kin, DC

Clinic Director

Dr. Leslie McDowall

Dr. Leslie McDowall B.Sc, DC

Clinic Director

Beth Slack

Elisabeth (Beth) Slack

Registered Physiotherapist

Samantha Costabile

Samantha Costabile

Registered Physiotherapist

Deanna St. Clair

Deanna St. Clair

Registered Physiotherapist

Valerie Morris

Valerie Morris

Registered Massage Therapist

Ryan Smith

Ryan Smith

Registered Massage Therapist

Michael DeCiantis

Michael DeCiantis

Registered Massage Therapist

Maraisa (Mara) Ockenden

Allie Hoegl

Registered Physiotherapist